Exhibit X

Admiral Thomas Hinman Moorer

from the National Aviation Hall of Fame website

(Admiral Moorer was inducted 1987)

http://www.nationalaviation.org/enshrinee/moorer.html

Thomas Hinman Moorer was born on February 9, 1912, in Mount Willing, a small community about twenty-five miles southwest of Montgomery in Lowndes County, Alabama. He was the son of Dr. Richard Randolph Moorer and Hulda Hill (nee Hanson) Moorer. He had a younger brother, Joseph Park Moorer.

Young Moorer attended Cloverdale High School in Montgomery, from which he was graduated in 1927, having served as Valedictorian of his class. Then, two years later, he decided he wanted a career as an officer in the United States Navy. As a result he sought and was granted an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. After entering the Academy on June 10, 1929, as a midshipman, he played on the Academy's football team for three years. After he was graduated from the Academy on June 1, 1933, with a bachelor of science degree, he was commissioned an ensign in the United States Navy.

After graduation, Moorer was assigned to the cruiser USS Salt Lake City as a junior officer, and he served in its gunnery department for the next six months. Then he was assigned duty to assist in fitting out the new cruiser USS New Orleans at the New York Navy Yard. After it was completed and put into commission on February 16, 1934, he served aboard both in its gunnery and engineering departments. But while he liked the Navy, two other interests began to influence his Naval career.

One of these interests was Naval aviation, and Moorer became sure that he wanted to learn to fly. As a result, he was accepted by the United States Naval Aviation Training School at the Pensacola Naval Air Station in Florida in June, 1935. There he successfully completed his flight training in July, 1936, and was designated as a Naval Aviator. The second interest was Carrie Ellen Foy, with whom he fell in love and married in November, 1935. From their marriage were born Thomas Randolph, Mary Ellen, Richard Foy, and Robert Hill Moorer.

By 1936, world events were beginning to take shape that would greatly influence Tom Moorer's Naval career. In January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler had become Chancellor of Germany. "Der Fuhrer", as he was called by his followers, then became Dictator on March 23rd. Then in 1934, Italy invaded and conquered Ethiopia. The two militaristic nations then joined forces and formed the Berlin-Rome Axis on October 27, 1936. Later, on September 27, 1940, Japan would join the Axis powers. Meanwhile, Russia's Stalin began strengthening his hold as the Soviet dictator in 1936 by trials and executions of hundreds of Communists and military leaders This same year, the Spanish Civil War erupted when an army revolt, led by General Francisco Franco, restored the monarchy. Germany and Italy supported Franco, while Russia aided the Spanish Republicans. Eventually, Franco established himself as the Spanish dictator.

Moorer's first duty as a Naval Aviator came in August, 1936, when he was assigned to Fighting Squadron 1-B (VF-1B) based aboard the aircraft carrier USS Langley. Affectionately called the "Covered Wagon," it was the nation's first aircraft carrier and had been converted from a Collier in 1922. In fact, the first takeoff from the Langley had been made on October 17,1922, by a Vought VE-7 trainer. Nine days later, Lieutenant Commander Goeffrey de Chavalier made the first landing on the Langley. Originally, VF-1B had been equipped with Boeing FB-5 biplanes aboard the Langley.

Then Fighting Squadron 1-B was transferred to the 33,000 ton carrier USS Lexington, that had been converted from a battleship hull in 1927. The "Lady Lex," as she was called, had a top speed of 33 knots and carried 90 aircraft aboard. In July, 1937, Moorer was transferred to Fighting Squadron 6 (VF-6) based aboard the carrier USS Enterprise, and he served aboard this carrier until August, 1939. By now, world events had taken a further turn for the worse. In 1937, Japan had attacked China, and by 1938 had captured most of its coastal regions. But the Chinese retreated inland and continued the fight for another seven years. Then in March, 1938, Hitler invaded Austria and annexed it to Germany. Then on September 29, 1938, Britain, France and Italy agreed to let Germany partition Czechoslovakia under the terms of the Munich Agreement.. The following year, on March 15th, Germany took most of the remainder of Czechoslovakia. Italy then annexed Albania on March 15, 1939. Then on August 24th, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a 10-year peace pact, which freed Hitler's hands to engage in further conquests.

While Moorer had flown single-seat Grumman F3F-2 fighter biplanes with retractable landing gears aboard the Enterprise, when he joined Patrol Squadron 22 (VP-22), a unit of Fleet Air Wing 2, he had to learn to fly the Navy's new Consolidated PBY "Catalina" patrol bomber flying boats in 1939. By then, the troubles in Europe had reached the boiling point when Germany invaded Poland without warning on September 1, 1939. Two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany, starting World War II. Then on September 17th, the Soviet Union invaded Poland and as a result, Hitler and Stalin partitioned the country on September 29th. Also, Russia invaded Finland in 1939 and eventually forced it to give up about one-tenth of its territory. After Norway and Denmark were conquered, the Nazis turned their blitzkrieg westward and conquered Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium and France in May and June of 1940. However, about 340,000 British and French troops escaped to Britain in an evacuation from Dunkirk. Then Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were annexed by the Soviet Union and Germany conquered Romania, Bulgaria Yugoslavia, and Greece. Hitler then sent his troops into Russia in June 1941, but they met stiff resistance and bogged down that winter.

About this time, Moorer's Patrol Squadron 22 was transferred to Fleet Air Wing 10 based at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands. He was serving there on December 7, 1941, when the Japanese suddenly launched an infamous air attack against the warships of the United States Fleet anchored there. In addition, they also attacked British bases in the Pacific. With the resulting immediate entry of the United States into World War II, Moorer's squadron was ordered to the Southwest Pacific after British and American leaders agreed on December 28, 1941, to create a unified command for Allied forces in the Far East. As a result, Sir Archibald P. Wavell became head of ABDACOM (American, British, Dutch and Australian Command), and his responsibilities included command of all forces in Burma, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, and the Philippines. However, Allied resources in the area were incapable of denying Japan control of the air and the sea, and the Japanese march Southward continued. Their intent was to knock out the United States Asiatic and Pacific Fleets, to destroy British Naval power in Southeast Asia, to destroy Allied airpower in the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia, to seize the Dutch East Indies and Malaya, including the British defense bastion at Singapore, to occupy the Philippines, and to secure control over a Pacific Ocean defense perimeter that included Wake Island, and the Marshall, the Caroline and the Mariana Islands. By mid-February, 1942, the Japanese had taken Guam, landed in the Philippines and Borneo, captured Wake Island and Hong Kong, begun attacks on New Britain Island, invaded the Dutch East Indies, started into Burma, invaded Malaya and captured Singapore.

It was during the Japanese attempt to take the Dutch East Indies that Moorer was shot down in his Consolidated PBY "Catalina" patrol bomber flying boat on February 19, 1942, north of Darwin, Australia. Fortunately, he was soon rescued at sea by a friendly ship. However, it was then sunk by enemy action that very same day, and Moorer was rescued for a second time in one day. For this mission, he was awarded the Purple Heart Medal for wounds that he received. He was also presented the Silver Star Medal for "extremely gallant and intrepid conduct as a pilot of a patrol plane during and following an attack by enemy Japanese aircraft near Cape Diemen." He was also made eligible to wear the ribbon, and a facsimile of the Presidential Unit Citation to his Patrol Squadron 22, for its actions during the Dutch East Indies Campaign,

In late February, 1942, fighting in the Java Sea ended Allied Naval resistance in the Dutch East Indies. When the Japanese invaded New Guinea, Moorer was assigned to Patrol Squadron 101 (VP-101) in March, 1942. Then in the next few months the Japanese drove the British out of Rangoon and completed their conquest of Burma. They also secured Java to complete their conquest of the Dutch East Indies, Then they went on to capture Corrigedor and complete their conquest of the Philippines. They also closed the Burma Road supplying the Chinese. However, they suffered a major Naval defeat in the Battle of Midway before they went on to invade Alaska's Aleutian Islands.

After serving with Patrol Squadron 101 until July, 1942, Moorer returned to the United States for a brief period before being ordered to England in August, 1942, on temporary duty as a mining observer for Admiral Ernest J. King, the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations. At this time, the Allies were in a defensive posture in the North Atlantic and struggling to keep communication channels and sea lanes open to Great Britain and to safeguard the war materiel flowing to it in order to guarantee the security of the Western Hemisphere.

One of the notable actions of the British Royal Air Force was the laying of sea mines. These were both of the type that exploded upon contact with a ship's hull, and of the influence type that were set off by the sounds generated by a ship's engine, or by the magnetic properties of its metal hull. Actually, over thirty percent of enemy shipping losses in European waters during the war were due to mines laid by the RAF's Bomber Command.

While Moorer was in England, Canadian and British forces, along with a contingent of American Rangers, raided Dieppe, a small French port across the English Channel, to test German defenses along the so-called Atlantic Wall. Their losses were very high, but the Allies gained very useful knowledge for a subsequent major invasion of Europe. In addition, General Dwight D. Eisenhower became Commander-in-Chief of Allied Expeditionary Forces in September, 1942, in preparation of the invasion of North Africa, which was launched on November 8, 1942, from England, Gibraltar and the United States under the code name Operation Torch. In the end, it was a success and opened the Mediterranean for Allied action against Sicily, Italy and southern France.

In March, 1943, Moorer was recalled to the United States to direct the fitting out of Bombing Squadron 132 (VB-132). Then he assumed command of its various operations in Cuba and Africa from his headquarters at the Boca Chica Naval Air Base at Key West, Florida. From there, his squadron helped clear the Caribbean and the South Atlantic of German-submarines. Tom Moorer's next assignment came in March, 1944, when he became the gunnery and tactical officer on the staff of the commander of Naval Air Forces in the Atlantic. He held this post until after the war in Europe and Japan ended. For his meritorious conduct in this service, he was awarded the Legion of Merit.

On August 15, 1945, Moorer was assigned to the United States Strategic Bombing Survey of Japan team for the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. This was a combination civilian and military organization that President Harry Truman directed to study the effects of the Pacific Campaign air attacks upon the industrial resources and war efforts of Japan. During this assignment, Moorer interrogated many high Japanese officials. This survey, and a similar one on Germany, was later extensively used as a source of information on military operations and for planning postwar defense policies.

In May, 1946, Moorer was appointed Executive Officer of the Naval Aviation Ordnance Test Station at Chincoteaque, Virginia, on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. After this, he served as Operations Officer of the heavily-armored battle aircraft carrier USS Midway beginning in July, 1948. It had left the yards on Ship Improvement Program No. 1, the first postwar modification to provide it with special weapon capabilities, and to accept the transition from propeller-driven to jet-powered aircraft. Then in December, 1949, he became Operations Officer on the staff of the Commander of Carrier Division 4 of the Atlantic Fleet. War erupted in the world again on June 25, 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea. Immediately, the United Nations called for aid to be given to repel the invasion. As a result, the United States and 15 other countries began sending troops to South Korea, which were placed under General Douglas MacArthur as the United Nations Supreme Commander. As the tensions grew in the world, Moorer reported the Naval Ordnance Test Station at Inyokern, California, in August, 1950, where he served as the station's experimental officer, and directed its development and testing of new Naval weapons.

In 1952, Moorer enrolled in the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island, where he received training that would be useful in higher positions of naval authority. After graduation by the college in August, 1953, he was assigned to duty on the staff of the Commander of the Air Force of the Atlantic Fleet. By now the war in Korea had resulted in a truce being signed on July 27, 1953. However, over a million persons had died in the war, including 54,000 United States servicemen.

In May, 1955, Moorer was ordered to duty with the Navy Department in Washington, D.C. as Aide to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Air. Then in July, 1956, he became commanding officer of the USS Salisbury Sound (AV-13). A year later, President Dwight D. Eisenhower approved his promotion to the flag rank of rear admiral on July 26, 1957. In October, 1957, Moorer became a Special Assistant in the Strategic Plans Division of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations in the Navy Department. Then, after serving as Assistant Chief of Naval Operations for War Games from January 1, 1958, to July, 1959, he took command of Carrier Division 6. Once again in 1956, communism threatened to engulf more of the world, and this caused President Dwight D. Eisenhower to proclaim his so-called Eisenhower Doctrine on January 5th. He said that the United States would send troops to aid any Middle East nation in fighting communist aggression. The doctrine was approved by the Senate on March 7th. A year and a half later, American troops landed in Lebanon on July 15, 1958 under the Eisenhower Doctrine. They later withdrew on October 25th. Then on January 1, 1959, Fidel Castro finally overthrew Cuban dictator Batista after a 3-year civil war.

Upon returning to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations in Washington, D.C. in November, 1960, Moorer served in that office as Director of the Long Range Objectives Group until October, 1962. During this period, United States-Cuba relations deteriorated. First, the U.S. broke diplomatic relations with the Castro regime on January 3, 1961, after it refused to pay for confiscated American property in Cuba. Then in April, 1961, Cuban troops overwhelmed some 1,600 Cuban exiles trained in the United States in the United States-backed Bay of Pigs invasion. Finally, in October, 1962, the United States blockaded Cuba during the so-called Cuban Missile Crisis, and forced the Soviet Union to withdraw its nuclear missiles from the island.

In October, 1962, Admiral Moorer assumed command of the United States Seventh Fleet based in the Pacific. For his exceptional performance in this capacity, he was awarded the Navy's Distinguished Service Medal. Then in June, 1964, he was elevated to Commander-in-Chief of the United States Pacific Fleet, and promoted to the rank of full admiral. But once again communist aggression threatened the United States when North Vietnam torpedo boats attacked U.S. Navy destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin in August 1964. In retaliation, President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered United States bombers to strike at North Vietnam military bases. On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving President Johnson the authority "to prevent further aggression" in the area. Then on June 28, 1965, the first use of U.S. ground combat troops in Vietnam was authorized by President Johnson to fight the North Vietnamese forces trying to take over South Vietnam. At the same time, he intensified diplomatic efforts at negotiating a settlement of the war.

Meanwhile, on April 30, 1965 Admiral Moorer assumed a combined command responsibility in which he concurrently served as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Supreme Allied Commander of the Atlantic; as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Atlantic Fleet; as Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic; and as Commander-in-Chief of the Western Atlantic area. In recognition of his meritorious service in these commands, he was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal on June 17, 1967. It was during this time that France elected to withdraw from NATO.

After his service with NATO, Admiral Moorer was named by President Lyndon B. Johnson to succeed Admiral David L. McDonald as Chief of Naval Operations of the United States Navy. As a result, on August 1, 1967, he became the eighteenth Chief of Naval Operations. During this tour of duty, he was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a third Distinguished Service Medal on January 13, 1969, "for exceptionally meritorious service as Chief of Naval Operations from August 1967, to January, 1969." Then he was reappointed Chief of Naval Operations on June 12, 1969 by President Richard M. Nixon.

During Moorer's two tours of duty as Chief of Naval Operations, the war in Vietnam continued to accelerate and command much of the United States' military attention. In January, 1968, the North Vietnamese launched their Tet Offensive against Saigon. In May, 1968, peace talks were begun in Paris between representatives of the U.S. and North Vietnam, as the war raged on. By March, 1969, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam reached a peak of 541,500. Then in June, 1969, President Nixon announced the United States would begin withdrawing troops from Vietnam. In spite of this, 300,000 antiwar demonstrators marched on Washington in November, 1969.

On April 14, 1970, President Nixon nominated Admiral Moorer to become the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. As a result, the United States Senate confirmed his appointment on June 17, 1970. Subsequently Admiral Moorer was awarded another Gold Star in lieu of a fourth award of a Distinguished Service Medal "for exceptionally meritorious service to the Government of the United States in a duty of great responsibility as Chief of Naval Operations from August, 1967, to July, 1970." The citation reflected Admiral Moorer's contributions to the modernization of the Navy's ships and aircraft, to the United States' future status as a world maritime power, to the security of the United States, and in support of United States foreign policy and national strategy. The following day, Admiral Moorer assumed the office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the most important military position in the United States next to that of the Commander in Chief of the Armed Service, held by the President.

Meanwhile, the war in Vietnam went on, and U.S. troops even entered Cambodia in April, 1970, to destroy North Vietnamese supply bases. In Poland, riots were put down by Soviet troops. Then in October, 1971, Communist China was admitted to the United Nations when the United States ended 22 years of opposition to its admittance. Then in April, 1972, North Vietnamese troops invaded South Vietnam to begin a major new offensive. A month later, President Nixon ordered the mining of North Vietnamese ports and the bombing of its supply routes to China.

On June 20, 1972, President Nixon appointed Admiral Moorer to a second two-year tour as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and his appointment was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on June 23rd. Soon afterwards all United States combat operations ended in Southeast Asia by congressional order on August 15th and the last of the American troops left Vietnam. Then in January, 1973, truce agreements were formally signed in Paris by United States, North Vietnam, South Vietnam and the Vietcong and the cease fire began on January 28, 1973.

During his second tour as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Thomas Moorer was presented the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal by Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird on January 10, 1973, "for extraordinary meritorious and distinguished service to the Government of the United States in a position of unique responsibility as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from July, 1970 through January, 1973." The citation went on to note that "Admiral Moorer has carried the heavy responsibilities of the country's senior military officer with great distinction during a critical period in the history of the United States. He has been relied upon extensively by the President and the Secretary of Defense for advice and counsel, which has invariably been characterized by thoroughness, accuracy and wisdom." The citation also noted Moorer's contributions in the areas of negotiations related to the Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) Treaty, Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions, Incidents at Sea, and the effectiveness of the Joint Chiefs of Staff representing the Armed Forces of the United States in the national security decision-making process.

Admiral Thomas H. Moorer retired from active duty with the United States Navy on July 2, 1974, after 45 years of service. At his retirement he was presented a second Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal by Secretary of Defense James R. Schlesinger "for extraordinary performance of duty and exceptional achievement as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from January, 1973, to June, 1974." In the citation, the Secretary of Defense said, "I particularly note that Tom Moorer has always put his country's interest before anything else, and it is this quality I recognize in presenting him the only Oak Leaf Cluster ever given to the Defense Distinguished Service Medal."

At his retirement, Admiral Moorer was also presented the Distinguished Service Medal of the United States Army, and the Distinguished Service Medal of the United States Air Force. During World War II, he had also received the Distinguished Flying Cross, the American Defense Service Medal, the American Campaign Medal; the European, African, Middle Eastern Campaign Medal; the Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the Navy Occupation Service Medal, the China Service Medal, the National Defense Medal with a Bronze Star, and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal. Later he received the Vietnam Service Medal, the Philippine Defense Ribbon, the Vietnam Campaign Medal with Device, and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. He also received decorations from Brazil, Chile, China, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Venezuela.

Admiral Moorer was awarded honorary Doctor of Law degrees from Stanford University and from Auburn University, as well as an honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree from Troy State University, all three of which are in Alabama. Among Admiral Moorer's clubs are the Chevy Chase Country Club, and the Army-Navy Country Club in Arlington, Virginia. He is also a member of the United States Naval Institute. It is interesting to note that Admiral Moorer also had a younger brother, Joseph Park Moorer, who served with distinction in the United States Navy and rose to flag rank.

Admiral Moorer is a member of the board of advisors of the Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies; the Citadel of Charleston, South Carolina; and the Valley Forge Military Academy and Junior College. He is also a member of the board of directors of Texaco, Inc., vice-chairman of the board of Blount, Inc., and a member of the board of Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Company. He is also chairman of the board of the Naval Aviation Museum Foundation, Inc., and president of the Association of Naval Aviation, Inc.

Admiral Moorer is author of "Formulation of National Policy" published in Strategic Review in the Fall of 1975. He also co-authored "U.S. Overseas Bases: Problems of Projecting American Military Power Abroad", published as Washington Paper 47 by Sage Publications in 1977. Thomas Hinman Moorer by his 45-year career in Naval aviation as a flying officer, a squadron leader, carrier commander, staff officer and Chief of Staff of the United States Navy, has indeed given extraordinary service to his nation in the air in both war and peace. Through his service as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he provided the leadership on the land on the sea, and in the air that preserved our heritage of freedom as individuals and as a nation.

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